9 Most VSAQ’s of Demography and Human Resource Development Chapter in Inter 2nd Year Commerce (TS/AP)
2 Marks
VSAQ-1 : Birth Rate.
The birth rate, often referred to as the population rate, quantifies the number of births occurring per 1,000 individuals within a population during a specific year. Elevated birth rates within a country may be attributed to various factors, including superstitions, restricted educational opportunities, cultural traditions, early marriages, and norms concerning family size.
VSAQ-2 : Death Rate (OR) Mortality Rate.
The death rate, commonly referred to as the mortality rate, is a metric that quantifies the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals within a population during a specific year. Elevated death rates within a country may be influenced by several factors, including restricted access to healthcare services, substandard housing conditions, inadequate sanitation facilities, poor nutritional standards, low living standards, and limited educational access.
VSAQ-3 : Infant Mortality Rate (OR) Write about the infant Mortality Rate. (OR) What is Infant Mortality Rate?
The infant mortality rate (IMR) is a vital metric that quantifies the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births within a specific population during a given year. This metric is a critical indicator of a nation’s development, highlighting the state of its healthcare system and overall living conditions for infants and their families. A lower IMR typically signifies improved healthcare access, higher healthcare quality, and enhanced living standards for the infant population.
VSAQ-4 : Sex ratio.
The sex ratio is a demographic indicator that quantifies the number of females per 1,000 males within a population. It plays a crucial role in understanding the gender composition of a society and can be influenced by factors like female infant mortality rates, maternal mortality rates, and societal preferences. A balanced sex ratio is typically considered healthy for a population. However, imbalanced sex ratios, often resulting from a preference for male children, can give rise to a range of social and demographic challenges in many regions.
VSAQ-5 : Population Explosion.
Population explosion refers to a sudden and substantial surge in population growth, primarily caused by a decline in death rates coupled with a consistently high birth rate. This phenomenon poses numerous challenges and necessitates the implementation of effective population policies and family planning measures to manage its consequences.
VSAQ-6 : Literacy Rate.
The literacy rate is the percentage of individuals above the age of seven who possess the ability to read, write, and comprehend a language. It is computed using the formula:
$$\text{Literacy rate} = \left( \frac{\text{Number of literate people aged seven years and above}}{\text{Total population aged seven years and above}} \right) \times 100$$
This rate serves as a crucial indicator of a population’s educational attainment and capacity to engage in written communication and comprehension.
VSAQ-7 : National Rural Health Mission (OR) Explain National rural health mission. (OR) Describe National rural health mission.
The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) is a healthcare initiative with the primary objective of enhancing healthcare accessibility and quality in rural regions. A significant aspect of its mission is the establishment of healthcare centers across diverse rural locations.
VSAQ-8 : Janani Suraksha Yojana (OR) Describe Janani suraksha yojana.
The Janani Suraksha Yojana is a centrally sponsored government scheme designed to lower maternal and infant mortality rates by encouraging institutional deliveries. Under this program, women are provided with cash assistance and access to medical care, serving as incentives for them to choose healthcare facilities for childbirth.
VSAQ-9 : Human poverty Index (OR) What is Human poverty Index?
The Human Poverty Index (HPI) is an indicator that assesses deprivation in three essential dimensions of human life: life expectancy, literacy, and standard of living. By taking into account these multiple dimensions, the HPI offers a more comprehensive perspective on poverty.