5 Most VSAQ’s of Digestion and Absorption Chapter in Inter 2nd Year Zoology (TS/AP)
2 Marks
VSAQ-1 : Give the dental formula of adult human beings.
Dental formula for adult humans is 2-1-2-3/2-1-2-3, indicating 32 teeth in total: 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, and 12 molars (including 4 wisdom teeth).
VSAQ-2 : Bile juice contains no digestive enzymes, yet it is important for digestion. How?
Bile juice, despite not containing any digestive enzymes, plays a vital role in digestion due to its involvement in the emulsification process. Emulsification breaks down large fat globules into smaller, microscopic ones, increasing the surface area of the fat for enzymes to act upon and digest effectively. Bile also assists in the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine and neutralizes stomach acid, providing an alkaline environment for other digestive enzymes to work efficiently.
VSAQ-3 : What is chyme?
Chyme is the semi-solid, acidic food mixture that is created in the stomach during digestion. It is the result of the stomach’s mechanical churning and mixing of food with gastric juices, including hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen. Chyme is then gradually released from the stomach into the small intestine, where further digestion and nutrient absorption take place.
VSAQ-4 : Name different types of papillae present on the tongue of man?
The human tongue has three types of papillae on its upper surface: 1) fungiform, 2) filiform, and 3) circumvallate papillae. These papillae vary in size, shape, and function. Fungiform papillae are mushroom-shaped and contain taste buds, filiform papillae are slender and provide friction for food manipulation, and circumvallate papillae are large, dome-shaped structures located in a row near the back of the tongue and also contain taste buds.
VSAQ-5 : Name the different types of salivary glands of man and their locations in the human body?
In humans, there are three pairs of salivary glands:
- Parotid glands – located below the ears/inner surface of the cheeks.
- Submaxillary (or Submandibular) glands – situated at the angles of the lower jaw.
- Sublingual glands – found beneath the tongue.