4 Most SAQ’s of Coordination in Life Processes Chapter in Class 10th Biology (TS/AP)

4 Marks

SAQ-1 : What do you mean by Hunger Pangs? (OR) What is the role of Ghrellin hormone?

Introduction

Hunger pangs, or the physical feeling of hunger, are sensations familiar to many. These are part of a hormonal regulation system in our body, predominantly controlled by the hormone Ghrelin.

Ghrelin: The Hunger Hormone

1. Role of Ghrelin:
   Ghrelin, often called the “hunger hormone,” is pivotal in the process of hunger pangs. It is secreted from the stomach cells when the stomach is empty and blood glucose levels decrease.
2. Triggering Hunger:
   Ghrelin’s main role is to signal the brain about the body’s need for food, indicating a need for more energy.
3. Resulting in Hunger Pangs:
   The signals sent by Ghrelin to the brain induce hunger, leading to the sensation known as hunger pangs.

Signal Transmission to the Brain

Involvement of Diencephalon and Vagus Nerve:
Signals from Ghrelin are transmitted to the brain via the diencephalon and the vagus nerve, crucial parts of the nervous system. This communication ensures that hunger is recognized appropriately.

Duration of Hunger Pangs

Hunger Pangs Duration:
Typically, hunger pangs last for about 30 to 45 minutes. After this period, they may subside even without food intake.

Summary

Understanding hunger pangs reveals our body’s method of signaling its need for energy. This complex process involves the hormone Ghrelin, nerve signals, and the sensation of hunger, ensuring we intake necessary nutrients. This knowledge enhances our appreciation of the body’s efficient systems.

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SAQ-2 : What may happen if villi are absent in small intestine?

Introduction

Villi are small, finger-like structures in the small intestine, crucial for nutrient absorption. They significantly increase the small intestine’s surface area, enhancing nutrient absorption from digested food. The absence of villi would drastically affect the body’s functions and overall health.

Consequences of Absence of Villi

1. Inefficient Nutrient Absorption:
   Without villi, the surface area for absorption in the small intestine would be greatly reduced, leading to poor absorption of nutrients.
2. Nutrient Deficiencies:
   This inefficiency could result in various nutrient deficiencies, causing issues such as weakness, malnutrition, and anemia.
3. Impact on Overall Health:
   A lack of essential nutrients would adversely affect bodily functions, potentially leading to fatigue, a weakened immune system, and poor growth and development, especially in children.

Summary

In conclusion, villi in the small intestine are vital for our health, ensuring effective nutrient absorption from our diet. Their absence can lead to significant nutrient deficiencies and related health issues, underscoring the importance of these structures in our digestive system. Understanding villi’s role in nutrient absorption helps us appreciate the complexity of our digestive system.

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SAQ-3 : What will happen if islets of Langerhans fails to function?

Introduction

The Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells within the pancreas crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. They produce insulin, essential for facilitating the absorption of glucose, the body’s primary energy source.

Consequences of Non-functioning Islets of Langerhans

1. Absence of Insulin:
   If the Islets of Langerhans malfunction, insulin production would halt. Insulin is necessary for glucose to enter cells for energy use. Its absence disrupts this process.
2. High Blood Glucose Levels:
   Without insulin, glucose absorption by cells becomes inefficient, leading to increased blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia.
3. Development of Diabetes:
   Persistent hyperglycemia can result in diabetes, a chronic condition with potential complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve damage.

Summary

In conclusion, the Islets of Langerhans are critical for regulating blood sugar and energy utilization in our body. Dysfunction in these cells can lead to severe health issues like diabetes. Understanding their role underscores the importance of a healthy pancreas for metabolic health.

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SAQ-4 : Prepare four questions for the Gastro – enterologist to know about problems that occur in the digestive system.

Introduction

A gastroenterologist is a medical specialist focused on diagnosing and treating disorders of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and other related organs. Preparing questions beforehand can enhance the effectiveness of your consultation regarding digestive health.

Four Questions for a Gastroenterologist

1. Constipation and Indigestion:
   “What are some common causes of frequent constipation and indigestion, and what preventive measures can be taken?”
2. Acid Reflux:
   “What factors lead to acidity or acid reflux, and what lifestyle changes can help in managing this condition?”
3. Stomach Bloating:
   “What are potential causes of persistent stomach bloating, and are there specific foods or dietary habits that exacerbate this symptom?”
4. Diarrhea:
   “What could be the reasons for frequent diarrhea, what at-home measures can prevent it, and when is it necessary to seek medical attention?”

Summary

In summary, if you experience ongoing digestive problems, consulting a gastroenterologist is crucial. The questions provided will assist in understanding common digestive issues and preventative steps for maintaining digestive health. It’s important to maintain open communication with your doctor about symptoms and concerns to ensure the most effective treatment.