5 Most SAQ’s of Respiration Chapter in Class 10th Biology (TS/AP)

4 Marks

SAQ-1 : What happens if diaphragm is not there in the body?

Introduction

The diaphragm is a crucial muscle in the human body, primarily responsible for facilitating respiration—breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide.

Implications of Not Having a Diaphragm

1. Breathing Mechanism:
   As the primary muscle of respiration, the diaphragm’s contraction and relaxation create necessary pressure changes in the lungs for air intake and expulsion. While other muscles like intercostal muscles aid in breathing, the diaphragm is the key driver.
2. Oxygen Intake and Carbon Dioxide Release:
   Without the diaphragm’s movement, lung expansion and contraction are severely impaired, hindering effective air exchange. This leads to difficulties in oxygen intake and carbon dioxide release.
3. Inability to Breathe:
   The absence or malfunctioning of the diaphragm results in ineffective breathing. Proper respiration is essential for oxygen supply to cells and removal of carbon dioxide, a waste product. Lack of oxygen and accumulation of carbon dioxide can lead to serious health issues.

Summary

The diaphragm is vital for respiration. Its movement enables inhalation and exhalation, ensuring oxygen reaches body cells and carbon dioxide is expelled. Without a functioning diaphragm, a person would face severe respiratory complications and a critical lack of oxygen supply, necessitating alternative methods like mechanical ventilation for breathing.

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SAQ-2 : Distinguish between Aerobic and Anaerobic.

Introduction

Cellular respiration, the process by which cells generate energy from nutrients, occurs in two main types: aerobic and anaerobic. This explanation compares these two forms.

Aerobic Respiration

1. Presence of Oxygen: Requires oxygen for the complete oxidation of glucose, involving the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.
2. Glucose Oxidation: Glucose is fully broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
3. End Products: Carbon dioxide and water.
4. Energy Production: Produces approximately 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
5. Occurrence: In both plant and animal cells.

Anaerobic Respiration

1. Absence of Oxygen: Occurs without oxygen, leading to partial oxidation of glucose.
2. Glucose Oxidation: Glucose is not fully oxidized, resulting in different byproducts.
3. End Products: Ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeast (fermentation), and lactic acid in human muscle cells.
4. Energy Production: Generates about 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
5. Occurrence: In certain bacteria like yeast and human muscle cells under oxygen-deficient conditions.

Summary

The main differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration include oxygen dependence, the extent of glucose oxidation, end products, energy yield, and occurrence. Aerobic respiration, requiring oxygen, completely oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide and water, producing more energy. Anaerobic respiration, in the absence of oxygen, results in partial oxidation with varying end products and less energy production.

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SAQ-3 : What happens if there is no epiglottis in human beings?

Introduction

The epiglottis, a small flap at the base of the tongue, is vital in guiding food and air correctly in our body. It ensures that food goes into the esophagus and air goes into the trachea. Let’s explore what happens if the epiglottis is missing.

Consequences of No Epiglottis

1. Passage Control:
   The epiglottis acts as a switch, directing food to the esophagus and keeping it out of the trachea. Without it, swallowing becomes risky.
2. Choking Hazard:
   Without an epiglottis, food or liquids can easily slip into the trachea, leading to choking or severe airway obstruction.
3. Respiratory Distress:
   If foreign materials like food enter the lungs, they can cause irritation, inflammation, and breathing difficulties.
4. Risk of Infections:
   Aspiration of food or liquids into the lungs can lead to serious infections like pneumonia.
5. Potential Fatality:
   In extreme cases, lack of an epiglottis can be fatal due to choking or severe respiratory infections like aspiration pneumonia.

Summary

The epiglottis is crucial for safe swallowing and breathing. Its absence can lead to choking, respiratory distress, infections, and potentially fatal outcomes. It plays a key role in ensuring the proper passage of food and air.

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SAQ-4 : What is the role of epiglottis (a) While swallowing (b) While breathing

Introduction

The epiglottis, a small flap of cartilage in the throat, plays essential roles in both swallowing and breathing.

Role of Epiglottis While Swallowing

During swallowing, the epiglottis acts as a protective valve, folding down to cover the trachea (windpipe) and prevent food or liquids from entering. This action, which is reflexive, directs the swallowed materials towards the esophagus and away from the airway, preventing choking and aspiration.

Role of Epiglottis While Breathing

While breathing, the epiglottis stays in its resting position, which is wide open. This allows air to flow freely into the windpipe and lungs without obstruction, facilitating efficient inhalation and exhalation.

Summary

The epiglottis serves two critical functions: protecting the airway from food and liquids during swallowing and allowing unobstructed airflow during breathing. Its ability to switch roles between these two processes is vital for both respiratory and digestive functions in the human body.

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SAQ-5 : Write two chemicals and two materials required to conduct the experiment” Heat and carbon dioxide are evolved during anaerobic respiration.”

Introduction

This experiment demonstrates the evolution of heat and carbon dioxide during anaerobic respiration, using specific materials and chemicals.

Materials Required

1. Thermoflask: To maintain and monitor the temperature.
2. Wash bottle: For dispensing lime water.
3. Thermometer: To accurately measure temperature changes.
4. Glass tubes: For directing gases.

Chemicals Required

1. Glucose solution: As a substrate for yeast respiration.
2. Yeast cells: The organism performing anaerobic respiration.
3. Liquid paraffin: To create an anaerobic environment by preventing oxygen entry.
4. Janus Green B solution: An oxygen indicator dye.

Summary

The experiment uses a thermoflask, wash bottle, thermometer, glass tubes, glucose, yeast, liquid paraffin, and Janus Green B solution to demonstrate anaerobic respiration in yeast. The setup showcases the release of carbon dioxide (evidenced by milky lime water) and the evolution of heat (indicated by temperature increase),