9 Most SAQ’s of Climate of India Chapter in Class 10th Social (TS/AP)

4 Marks

SAQ-1 : Write four slogans to decrease the influence of the Anthropogenic Global Warming.

Introduction

Global warming is a significant problem, predominantly caused by human activities, known as “Anthropogenic Global Warming”. To spread awareness and encourage action, slogans can be an effective tool. Here are four impactful slogans addressing this issue.

Simple Slogans to Understand the Problem:

1. Farming Helps:
   • “Start Farming and Reduce Global Warming.“
   • Growing plants can help mitigate the adverse effects of global warming.
2. Think About the Environment:
   • “Think Green, Plant Green.“
   • Planting trees is beneficial for our planet.
3. Keep the Earth Cool:
   • “Cool the Earth with Greenery; Or Miss the Scenery.“
   • Plants play a crucial role in cooling down the earth. Without them, we risk losing much of our natural beauty.
4. Reduce Fuel Use:
   • “Too Much Fossil Fuel Today Will Make Us a Fossil Tomorrow.“
   • Excessive use of fossil fuels can have detrimental long-term consequences.

Summary

Human actions are a primary cause of global warming. Awareness and proactive measures are essential in combating this issue. These slogans emphasize the importance of adopting eco-friendly practices such as using less fuel and planting more trees, which are straightforward yet effective steps towards a healthier planet.

---

SAQ-2 : How are human activities contributing to global warming? (OR) How AGW is happening?

Introduction

Global warming, characterized by the rise in the Earth’s temperature, is significantly driven by human activities, often referred to as AGW (Anthropogenic Global Warming). This section explores how human actions contribute to this phenomenon.

Main Human Activities Causing Warming:

1. Cutting Down Trees (Deforestation):
   • Trees absorb carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas).
   • Without trees, more carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere.
2. Using Cars and Other Vehicles:
   • Vehicles emit gases like carbon dioxide and methane.
   • These gases contribute to the greenhouse effect, trapping heat.
3. Running Big Factories:
   • Factories often burn fossil fuels like coal.
   • This process releases toxic gases into the atmosphere.
4. Farming with Chemicals: The use of certain agricultural chemicals can adversely affect air quality.
5. Using Certain Home Items:
   • Appliances like air conditioners and refrigerators release chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
   • CFCs are potent greenhouse gases that trap heat.
6. Not Recycling Enough:
   • Inadequate recycling leads to increased waste production.
   • Some waste disposal methods release harmful gases.
7. Building More and More (Industrialisation and Urbanisation): Expanding industrial and urban areas often leads to environmental degradation.

Summary

Human activities significantly contribute to global warming. Actions such as deforestation, vehicular emissions, industrial pollution, and inefficient waste management are key contributors. Recognizing these factors is crucial in identifying and implementing strategies to mitigate the impact on our planet.

---

SAQ-3 : How is climate change causing global warming? Suggest measures to minimize the influence of the global warming.

Introduction

Global warming, characterized by a rise in the Earth’s temperature, is significantly impacted by climate change. Changes in climate can exacerbate global warming. This section explains the relationship between climate change and global warming and suggests measures to mitigate its impact.

How Climate Change Causes Warming:

1. Methane Under Ice: Scientists have discovered methane gas trapped under ice in cold regions.
2. Melting Ice Releases Methane:
   • Warming temperatures lead to ice melting.
   • As ice melts, trapped methane is released into the atmosphere.
   • Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to further warming.
3. The Cycle Repeats:
   • The Earth warms, causing more ice to melt.
   • This leads to increased methane emissions, perpetuating a warming cycle.

How We Can Help Stop Global Warming:

1. Plant More Trees (Afforestation): Trees absorb carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, thus reducing atmospheric greenhouse gases.
2. Limit Greenhouse Gases: Efforts should be made to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
3. Use Fewer Things That Cause Harm:
   • Minimize the use of items like cars and air conditioners that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
   • Seek safer, eco-friendly alternatives.
4. Recycle More: Recycling reduces waste, consequently lowering the release of harmful substances into the environment.

Summary

Climate change exacerbates global warming by releasing gases like methane, especially from melting ice. We can combat global warming through afforestation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adopting eco-friendly practices, and increasing recycling efforts. Understanding and participating in these actions is crucial for our planet’s protection.

---

SAQ-4 : Write briefly about south-west monsoons.

Introduction

The south-west monsoons play a crucial role in India’s climate, contributing significantly to the country’s annual rainfall. This section provides a basic understanding of the south-west monsoons.

How South-West Monsoons Form:

1. Picking Up Moisture:
   • Winds originating from the southern hemisphere travel over the Indian Ocean.
   • They absorb moisture (water) from the ocean.
2. Moving Towards Low Pressure: These moisture-laden winds move towards a low-pressure area near the equator.
3. Turning Into South-West Monsoon: Upon reaching this low-pressure area, these winds change direction, transforming into south-west monsoons.
4. Splitting Up:
   • As these winds encounter the Indian subcontinent, they divide.
   • Some winds head towards the Arabian Sea, while others move towards the Bay of Bengal.
5. Bringing Rain to India:
   • These winds enter India around the early summer months.
   • Within approximately a month, they spread across the entire country.
   • This process, known as the “onset of monsoon,” brings most of India’s annual rainfall.

Summary

The south-west monsoons are pivotal in delivering rainfall to India. Originating from the Indian Ocean, these winds gather moisture and disperse across India during summer, playing a vital role in supporting the country’s agriculture and water needs.

---

SAQ-5 : Keep the warming of scientists in mind, suggest measures to minimize Global warming.

Introduction

Global warming poses a significant threat to our planet, and scientists have consistently warned about its adverse effects. To mitigate these impacts, here are some straightforward and practical suggestions for reducing global warming.

Measures to Minimize Global Warming:

1. Reduce Quarrying and Mining:
   • The process of excavating the Earth can release harmful gases.
   • Limiting these activities can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Plant More Trees (Afforestation):
   • Trees are effective in absorbing carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas.
   • Increasing tree cover helps to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
3. Limit Coal Use:
   • The combustion of coal is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions.
   • Transitioning to alternative energy sources like solar or wind power is recommended.
4. Use Less Fossil Fuels:
   • Vehicles, factories, and various machines largely depend on fossil fuels.
   • Minimizing their use and opting for cleaner fuel alternatives can significantly curb global warming.
5. Smart Use of Electronics:
   • Electronic devices consume considerable amounts of energy.
   • Practice turning off devices when not in use and utilizing energy-saving modes.

Summary

Human activities are a primary driver of global warming. However, through simple actions such as increasing afforestation, limiting the use of coal and fossil fuels, and practicing energy-efficient habits, we can play a part in slowing down the rate of global warming. Each small step contributes to a larger impact.

---

SAQ-6 : How does deforestation affect global warming?

Introduction

Trees are crucial in maintaining our environment’s equilibrium. Deforestation, the process of cutting down trees, has a direct and profound impact on global warming. This section explains how deforestation contributes to global warming.

Effects of Deforestation on Global Warming:

1. Change in Rainfall and Temperature:
   • Trees are instrumental in inducing rain and maintaining cooler temperatures.
   • Their removal leads to reduced rainfall and higher temperatures.
2. Increase in Greenhouse Gases:
   • Trees absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and release oxygen.
   • A decrease in tree population results in higher levels of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere.
3. Soil Erosion:
   • Trees’ roots help to bind the soil.
   • The absence of trees leads to greater soil erosion, complicating efforts to plant new trees or crops.
4. Reduced Oxygen Production:
   • With fewer trees, the production of oxygen decreases.
   • This reduction can adversely affect air quality and overall health.

Summary

Deforestation exacerbates global warming by increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases and altering climate patterns, leading to warmer conditions. Recognizing the vital role of trees in mitigating global warming underscores the importance of protecting and planting more trees for environmental stability.

---

SAQ-7 : Write a short note on factors influencing climatic variations in hilly areas and deserts (OR) How the temperature varies in hilly areas and deserts?

Introduction

The climate of a region is significantly influenced by its geographical features. Hilly areas and deserts, with their distinct landscapes, exhibit unique climatic conditions. This section explores how temperature variations occur in these regions.

Factors Influencing Climatic Variations:

1. Hilly Areas:
   • Effect of Altitude:
     • The higher the altitude, the cooler the temperature.
     • Air becomes thinner and cooler as elevation increases.
   • Cooler Temperatures: Hills and mountains generally maintain cooler temperatures than the surrounding lowlands.
   • Examples: Hill stations like Shimla, Gulmarg, Nainital, Darjeeling, Ooty, and Kodaikanal are known for their cooler climates, particularly during summers.
2. Deserts:
   • Land-Water Relationship: Deserts are characterized by their dryness and lack of water sources, influencing their temperature.
   • High Temperatures: Days in deserts are extremely hot due to direct sunlight and minimal vegetation.
   • Low Humidity and Rainfall: Deserts receive very little rainfall and have low humidity levels.
   • Extreme Temperature Variations: Night temperatures in deserts can be surprisingly cold, as the sand does not retain heat effectively.

Summary

While hilly areas are known for their cooler temperatures due to higher altitudes, deserts are characterized by high temperatures during the day and significantly cooler temperatures at night. These contrasting patterns highlight the profound impact of geographical features on a region’s climate.

---

SAQ-8 : What is known as “October heat”?

Introduction

Climate patterns often give rise to specific phenomena, each with its unique characteristics. In the context of the Indian climate, one such phenomenon is known as “October Heat”.

Understanding “October Heat”:

1. Transition Period: October signifies the shift from the monsoon season to the winter season in many parts of India.
2. After the Monsoons: By this time, the rainy monsoon season is receding.
3. Clear Skies: The dispersal of monsoon clouds results in more direct sunlight, leading to a rise in temperatures.
4. Moist Land: The land remains wet or moist following the monsoons.
5. High Temperatures: Despite the approach of winter, there is a brief period where temperatures surge. This phenomenon is known as the “October Heat” due to the above factors.

Summary

“October Heat” is characterized by a temporary increase in temperatures during October, following the monsoon season and preceding the onset of winter in many regions of India. This phenomenon results from a combination of clear skies and moist land, which collectively contribute to the elevated temperatures.

---

SAQ-9 : Why the climate is Kanya Kumari is different to the climate in Bhopal or Delhi?

Introduction

India, with its vast size and varied geographical features, exhibits diverse climatic conditions. This variation is evident when comparing the southernmost point, Kanya Kumari, with northern cities like Bhopal or Delhi.

Factors Causing Climate Differences:

1. Proximity to the Equator:
   • Kanya Kumari: Located closer to the equator, it falls under the Tropical zone, leading to fairly consistent temperatures year-round.
   • Bhopal/Delhi: These cities, situated farther from the equator, fall under the Temperate zone.
2. Average Temperatures:
   • Kanya Kumari: Generally experiences warmer and more consistent temperatures.
   • Bhopal/Delhi: Experience more distinct seasonal variations, with hotter summers and cooler winters.
3. Coastal Influence:
   • Kanya Kumari: Being at the southern tip and surrounded by sea on three sides, it experiences moderate temperatures and higher humidity due to maritime influence.
   • Bhopal/Delhi: As inland cities, they are subject to more extreme temperature variations.
4. Altitude & Topography: The difference in altitude and topography between Kanya Kumari and the other two cities further contributes to the climatic variations.

Summary

The climate of Kanya Kumari differs significantly from that of Bhopal or Delhi primarily due to its closer proximity to the equator, coastal location, and lower altitude. Kanya Kumari enjoys a more tropical, moderated climate, whereas Bhopal and Delhi experience pronounced seasonal changes.