5 Most VSAQ’s of Immune System Chapter in Inter 2nd Year Zoology (TS/AP)
2 Marks
VSAQ-1 : Define the terms Immunity and Immune system.
Immunity is the ability of an organism to defend itself against disease-causing microorganisms, while the immune system is a complex network of organs, cells, and proteins that work together to identify and eliminate harmful invaders, thus keeping the body healthy and protected from infections.
VSAQ-2 : Differentiate between mature B-cells and functional B-cells.
Mature B-cells originate in the bone marrow and carry various antibodies on their surface to recognize specific invaders. Functional B-cells, on the other hand, develop from mature B-cells in secondary lymphoid organs and transform into memory cells and effector plasma cells, contributing to long-term immunity and the immediate defense against pathogens.
VSAQ-3 : What are Complement Proteins?
Complement proteins are a group of proteins present in the blood and on cell surfaces. When activated, they collaborate to form the membrane attack complex (MAC), which can puncture the outer membranes of specific cells, leading to their swelling and rupture. This process is part of the complement system, acting as a formidable defense mechanism against infections and foreign invaders in our body.
VSAQ-4 : “Colostrum is very much essential for the new born infants”. Justify.
Colostrum is crucial for newborn infants because it is rich in lgA antibodies, providing essential protection against harmful germs and infections. When the baby consumes colostrum, these antibodies are transferred from the mother, resulting in natural passive immunity. Colostrum acts as a superhero shield, strengthening the baby’s immune system and ensuring their health and safety.
VSAQ-5 : Differentiate between perforins and granzymes.
Perforins act as tiny missiles, creating openings in infected cell membranes, allowing fluids to enter and causing the cell to burst. On the other hand, granzymes are proteins that enter infected cells through the holes made by perforins. Once inside, granzymes activate certain proteins that help destroy the infected cell from within. Together, perforins and granzymes form a powerful team in the immune system, with perforins creating openings and granzymes eliminating infected cells to protect the body from harmful invaders, like viruses. This coordinated attack ensures our health and guards against infections.