Emerging Political Trends 1977 to 2000 (SAQs)

Social | 18. Emerging Political Trends 1977 to 2000 – SAQs:
Welcome to SAQs in Chapter 18: Emerging Political Trends 1977 to 2000. This page contains the most Important FAQs for Short Answer Questions in this Chapter. Each answer is provided in simple English, with a Telugu explanation, and formatted according to the exam style. This will support your preparation and help you secure top marks in your exams.

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SAQ-1 : Write appropriate suggestions to eradicate spread of corruption completely.

Introduction

Corruption hinders societal progress and undermines trust in public institutions. To effectively combat this issue, a comprehensive approach involving education, strict legal enforcement, technological advancements, and institutional reforms is essential.

Strategies for Combating Corruption

1. Educational Initiatives and Awareness:
   • Ethics Education: Incorporate ethics and integrity lessons in school curricula and community programs.
   • Public Awareness Campaigns: Launch campaigns to educate the public about the detrimental effects of corruption and the importance of ethical behavior.
2. Enforcement of Strict Legal Measures:
   • Robust Anti-Corruption Laws: Implement and enforce stringent laws to deter corrupt practices.
   • Prompt Legal Action: Ensure speedy and effective legal action against individuals involved in corruption.
3. Technological Integration:
   • Surveillance Tools: Install CCTV cameras in government offices to monitor activities and discourage corrupt acts.
   • Digitalization of Services: Promote online processing for public services to minimize direct human interactions and opportunities for bribery.
4. Judicial Reforms:
   • Expansion of Judicial Infrastructure: Increase the number of courts dedicated to handling corruption cases.
   • Specialized Training for Judiciary: Provide judges with specific training to efficiently handle corruption cases.
5. Institutional Frameworks:
   • Empowering Lokpal and Lokayukta: Strengthen these bodies at national and state levels to independently investigate corruption cases.
   • Effective Implementation of Recommendations: Ensure that the findings and recommendations of anti-corruption bodies are implemented rigorously.

Summary

Eradicating corruption requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing education, law enforcement, technology, judicial reform, and institutional mechanisms. By highlighting the critical aspects of ethics education, stringent legal actions, technological advancements, judicial efficiency, and robust institutional frameworks, these suggestions aim to build a more transparent and accountable society. This comprehensive strategy is key to fostering an environment where corruption is significantly reduced, if not completely eradicated.

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SAQ-2 : How is the telecom revolution affecting human life styles now a days?

Introduction

The telecom revolution, initiated in India in 1984, has significantly transformed human lifestyles. It has streamlined daily activities and enhanced connectivity, revolutionizing communication and influencing various aspects of life.

Background of the Telecom Revolution in India

1. Initiation Year: The telecom revolution began in 1984.
2. Primary Objective: Its aim was to foster socio-economic development in India.

Influence on Communication and Connectivity

1. Minimizing Distances and Time: The revolution made communication more accessible and affordable, bridging distances and reducing time.
2. Global Integration: The entry of international companies in the Indian market facilitated global economic integration.

Digital Transformation

1. Internet Proliferation: The widespread availability of the internet drastically changed several sectors, including education, agriculture, and retail.
2. Simplification of Transactions: Online platforms made booking tickets for travel and entertainment more convenient and quick.

Lifestyle Changes

1. Improved Living Standards: Easy access to information and services led to an elevation in the standard of living.
2. Language Integration: The use of English in online communication and commerce enhanced both domestic and international interactions.

Summary

The telecom revolution has been a catalyst for change in India, bringing about a new era marked by digital connectivity, enhanced living standards, and global integration. It has not only made life more efficient and comfortable but also continues to influence human lifestyles as technology evolves.

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SAQ-3 : How did regional aspiration lead to the formation of regional parties? Compare the similarities and difference between the two different phases.

Introduction

Regional parties in India emerged from regional aspirations among linguistic and ethnic groups. Comparing two distinct political phases highlights the evolution of regional parties and their impact on India’s political landscape.

Emergence of Regional Aspirations and Parties

1. Regional Needs and Aspirations: Regional parties formed in response to specific local needs and desires.
2. Examples:
   • Telugu Desam Party (TDP): Advocated for Telugu-speaking people.
   • All Assam Students’ Union (AASU): Aimed to protect Assamese identity.
   • Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD): Emerged to represent the Punjabi populace.
3. Diverse Agendas: These parties had unique goals based on local concerns, enriching India’s political diversity.

Comparison of Two Political Phases

1. First Phase:
   • Inclusive Leadership: National leaders addressed the aspirations of all regions, promoting unity.
   • Few Regional Parties: The inclusive approach of national politics reduced the need for regional parties.
2. Second Phase:
   • Misuse of Authority: Some leaders’ actions led to feelings of regional alienation.
   • Increased Political Awareness: Growing awareness among communities about political dynamics.
   • Formation of More Regional Parties: Neglect and political awareness led to the establishment of numerous regional parties focusing on specific regional interests.

Summary

The formation of regional parties in India reflects the nation’s diverse regional aspirations. The initial phase saw inclusive leadership, while the second phase experienced a rise in regional parties due to perceived neglect and increased political awareness. This shift underlines the dynamic and complex nature of India’s political fabric and the significance of regional representation.

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SAQ-4 : What are the effects of changes of “Telecom Revolution” on the Human life styles. [OR] Who introduced “Telecom Revolution”? What is the impact on the society?

Introduction

The Telecom Revolution, initiated in 1984, has been a transformative force in Indian society, reshaping communication and significantly impacting various aspects of life.

Origins of the Telecom Revolution

1. Initiator: The revolution was introduced by Rajiv Gandhi in 1984.
2. Primary Objective: The goal was to drive socio-economic development across the country.

Impacts on Lifestyle and Society

1. Enhanced Accessibility and Connectivity: Communication became more affordable, connecting distant places and making interactions quicker.
2. Global Market Entry: The influx of international companies diversified the telecom sector, with many using English on Indian websites for wider accessibility.
3. Digital Transformation:
   • Travel: Booking tickets for trains, planes, and buses became easier through online services.
   • Education: E-learning platforms expanded educational access.
   • Retail: The growth of e-commerce allowed for convenient home shopping.
   • Agriculture: Online resources provided farmers with valuable market and agricultural information.
4. Improved Living Standards: The ease of accessing various services led to a noticeable improvement in quality of life for many citizens.

Summary

Rajiv Gandhi’s introduction of the Telecom Revolution in 1984 marked the beginning of a new technological era in India. Its impact on society has been profound, enhancing connectivity, promoting digital transformation in key sectors, and significantly elevating living standards. This revolution has played a critical role in India’s ongoing socio-economic development.

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SAQ-5 : At present, what is the necessity of coalition politics?

Introduction

In the current political landscape, coalition politics has become increasingly necessary, especially when no single party attains an absolute majority in elections.

Emergence and Necessity of Coalition Politics

1. Multiparty Scenario: The rise of multiple parties, both national and regional, often leads to a scenario where no single party achieves an outright majority.
2. Formation of Coalition Governments: This necessitates the coming together of different parties to form a government. Such coalitions ensure the establishment of a functioning government despite the absence of a clear majority by any one party.
3. Diverse Representation: Coalitions allow for a variety of regional and national parties to participate in governance, thus ensuring that a wide range of regional interests and issues are represented at the national level.
4. Balancing Power: The nature of coalition politics helps in reducing the dominance of any single party, promoting a more balanced and democratic decision-making process.

Summary

The need for coalition politics in today’s political environment stems from the increasingly fragmented nature of electoral outcomes, where achieving a majority by a single party is becoming less common. Coalition politics enables the formation of a government that is representative of a broader spectrum of political views and regional interests, thus contributing to a more inclusive and balanced governance structure.

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SAQ-6 : Prepare a pamphlet to create awareness on the loss incurred due to wars.

Introduction

Wars, involving extensive conflicts between nations or groups, have far-reaching consequences, impacting lives, economies, and the environment.

Human Cost of World Wars

1. First World War: Approximately 10 million lives were lost in this global conflict.
2. Second World War: This war was even more catastrophic, causing 20 to 25 million deaths.

Destructive Modern Warfare

1. Devastating Weaponry: The advent of nuclear and chemical weapons has escalated the potential for mass destruction. For example, the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted in 156,000 to 246,000 immediate casualties.
2. Long-term Health Effects: Areas affected by nuclear attacks suffer from prolonged health issues, including increased cases of Leukemia and Cancer.

Beyond the Battlefield

1. Economic Fallout: Wars shift resources from essential services, leading to economic instability.
2. Depletion of Resources: Prolonged conflicts exhaust national resources.
3. Environmental Degradation: Wars significantly pollute the environment, causing irreversible ecological damage.

Summary

The loss incurred from wars extends beyond immediate tragedies, affecting human health, economies, and the environment over long periods. It is imperative to promote peace and diplomatic solutions over conflict, recognizing the extensive harm that wars bring. Fostering understanding and cooperation is crucial for preserving our world for future generations.

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SAQ-7 : Compare the similarities and differences between Assam and Punjab movements. What kind of challenges did they pose to our political system?

Introduction

The Assam and Punjab movements were significant regional agitations in India that highlighted the challenges of managing diversity within a democratic framework. This analysis compares their similarities, differences, and the challenges they posed to the political system.

Similarities

1. Regional Aspirations: Both movements were fueled by strong regional aspirations and a sense of cultural identity.
2. Demand for Autonomy: Both Assam and Punjab sought greater autonomy and protection of their cultural and linguistic heritage.
3. Response to Perceived Neglect: The movements arose as a response to perceived neglect and economic disparity by the central government.

Differences

1. Cultural and Ethnic Backgrounds:
   • Assam Movement: Originated primarily due to concerns over illegal immigration affecting the indigenous culture.
   • Punjab Movement: Stemmed from the demands of the Sikh community for more recognition and autonomy.
2. Nature of Demands:
   • Assam: Primarily focused on preserving the demographic and cultural integrity of the region.
   • Punjab: Included demands for a separate state (Khalistan) for Sikhs at its extreme end.
3. Duration and Intensity:
   • Assam: The movement was largely non-violent but had prolonged periods of agitation.
   • Punjab: Escalated into armed insurgency and witnessed higher levels of violence.

Challenges to Political System

1. Handling Diversity and Autonomy:
   • Challenge: Balancing regional demands while maintaining national integrity and unity.
   • Response: Required nuanced and sensitive political handling to address grievances without compromising national security.
2. Preventing and Managing Insurgency:
   • Punjab Challenge: Dealing with armed insurgency and terrorism.
   • Assam Challenge: Managing large-scale public protests and civil disobedience.
   • Response: Involved both political negotiations and, in Punjab’s case, military action.
3. Policy Formulation and Implementation:
   • Challenge: Creating and implementing policies that addressed the unique issues of each region without alienating other communities.
   • Response: Required inclusive policy-making and ensuring equitable development across regions.

Summary

The Assam and Punjab movements, despite their differences, highlighted the complexities of managing a diverse and multi-ethnic democracy. They underscored the need for sensitive political handling, inclusive governance, and effective conflict resolution strategies to maintain national unity while addressing regional aspirations.

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SAQ-8 : NT Rama Rao is the ambassador of Telugu speaking people in early 1980’s. Justify. [OR] Explain how N.T. Rama Rao became ambassador of Telugu speaking people.

Introduction

In the early 1980s, N.T. Rama Rao, popularly known as NTR, rose as a significant political figure, resonating deeply with the Telugu-speaking population. His transition from a celebrated film actor to a political leader marked a pivotal moment in the history of Andhra Pradesh.

Emergence as a Political Icon

1. Political Instability in Andhra Pradesh: The frequent change of Chief Ministers by the central Congress government created political unrest in Andhra Pradesh.
2. Sentiment of Disrespect: The Telugu-speaking populace felt a sense of disrespect towards their leaders and culture by the central government, fueling a demand for a representative who could voice their concerns.

Formation of Telugu Desam Party (TDP)

1. Year of Formation: NTR established the TDP in 1982.
2. Manifesto for Telugu Pride: NTR positioned the TDP not merely as a political party but as a symbol for the honor and self-respect of the Telugu-speaking people.
3. Counter to Central Dominance: He advocated for state autonomy, challenging the perceived dominance of the central Congress government over regional aspirations.

Impact and Legacy of NTR

1. Cultural and Political Ambassador: NTR’s leadership style and emphasis on regional pride made him an ambassador for Telugu-speaking people.
2. Resonance with the Masses: His charisma, coupled with his background in cinema, allowed him to connect with the masses on a personal level.
3. Championing Regional Identity: He became a symbol of the struggle against the central government’s influence, championing the cause of regional identity and pride.

Summary

N.T. Rama Rao’s emergence as a political leader in the 1980s symbolized the aspirations and pride of the Telugu-speaking community. His creation of the TDP and stance against central dominance played a crucial role in reshaping the political landscape of Andhra Pradesh, making him a revered figure who championed the cause of regional self-respect and identity.